EMRS Computer Science Syllabus TGT & PGT

EMRS Computer Science Syllabus For ESSE 2025 Tier-2 Examination

TGT Computer Science

Computer Systems and Organisation

• Basic Computer Organisation: Introduction t o computer system, hardware,

software , input device, output device, CPU, memory (primary, cache and secondary),

u n i t s of memory (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB), Overview of computer memory

systems, including semiconductor main memory and cache memory, Advanced DRAM

organization and memory hierarchy

• Types of software: system software (operating systems, system utilities, device

drivers), programming tools and language translators (assembler, compiler &

interpreter), application software

• Operating system (OS): functions of operating system, OS user interface

• Boolean logic: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, N O R, XOR, truth table, De Morgan’s laws

and logic circuits

• Number system: Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal number system; conversion between number systems.

• Encoding schemes: ASCII, ISCII and UNICODE (UTF8, UTF32)

• System Buses: Components of a computer system, its functions, and interconnection structures. Bus architecture: general bus concept and PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect). Address, Data, Control buses

• CPU Structure: Register organization, Stack organization, Instruction format, Addressing modes, RISC vs. CISC architectures

Application Software

• Word Processor
• Electronic Spreadsheet
• Presentation Tools

Computational Thinking and Programming

• Introduction t o problem solving: Steps for problem solving (analyzing the problem, developing an algorithm, coding, testing and debugging). representation of algorithms using flow chart and pseudo code, decomposition

• Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: Introduction to Python, features of Python, executing a simple “ hello w o r l d ” program, execution modes: interactive mode and script mode, Python character set, Python tokens (keyword, identifier, literal, operator, punctuator), variables, concept of l-value and r-value, use of comments

• Knowledge of data types: number (integer, floating point, complex), boolean, sequence (string,list, tuple), none, mapping (dictionary), mutable and immutable datatypes

• Operators: arithmetic operators, relational, logical, assignment operator, augmented assignment operators, identity operators (is, is not), membership operators (in, notin)

• Expressions, statement, t y p e conversion & input/output: precedence of operators, expression, evaluation of expression, p y t h o n statement, type conversion ( explicit & implicit conversion), accepting data as input from the console and displaying output

• Errors: syntax errors, logical errors, runtime errors

• Flow of control: introduction, use of indentation, sequential f l o w , conditional a n d iterative flow control

• Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else, flowcharts, simple programs: e.g.: absolute value, sort 3 numbers and divisibility of a number

• Iterative statements: for l o o p , range function, while loop, flowcharts, break and continue statements, nested loops, suggested programs: generating pattern, summation of series, finding the factorial of a positive number etc

• Strings: introduction, indexing, string operations (concatenation, repetition, membership & slicing), traversing a string using loops, built-in functions: len(), capitalize(), title(), lower(), upper(), count(), find(), index(), endswith(), startswith(), isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), isspace(), lstrip(), rstrip(), strip(), replace(), join(), partition(), split()

• Lists: introduction, indexing, list operations (concatenation, repetition, membership &slicing),traversing a list using loops, built-in functions: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(),index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum(); nested lists, suggested programs: finding the maximum, minimum, mean of numeric values stored in a list; linear search on list of numbers and counting the frequency of elements in a list

• Tuples: introduction, indexing, tuple operations (concatenation, repetition, membership & slicing), built-in functions: len(), tuple (), count (), i n d e x (), s o r t e d (), min (), max (), sum (); tuple assignment, nested tuple, suggested programs: finding the minimum, m a x i m u m , m e a n of values stored in a tuple; linear search on a tuple of numbers, counting the frequency of elements in a tuple

• Dictionary: introduction, accessing items in a dictionary using keys, mutability of dictionary (adding a new item, modifying an existing item), traversing a dictionary, built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), del(), clear(), fromkeys(), copy(), pop(), popitem(), setdefault(), max(), min(), count(), sorted(), copy(); suggested programs : count thenumber of times a character

appears in a given string using a dictionary, create a dictionary with names of employees, their salary and access them

• Introduction t o Python modules: Importing module using ‘import ‘a n d using from statement, i m p o r t i n g m a t h module (pie, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin,cos, tan); random module (random, randint, randrange), statistics module (mean, median,mode)

• Functions: types o f function ( built-in f u n c t i o n s, f u n c t i o n s d e f i n e d i n module, u s e r defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters, function r e t u r n i n g v a l u e (s), f l o w o f execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)

• Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths

• Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write

() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read (), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file

• Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump () and load () method read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file

• CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader( )

Society, Law and Ethics

• Digital Footprints

• Digital s o c i e t y a n d Netizen: net etiquettes, c o m m u n i c a t i o n etiquettes, social m e d i a etiquettes

• Data protection: Intellectual Property Right (copyright, patent, trademark), violation

of IPR (plagiarism, copyright infringement, trademark infringement), open source

softwares and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL and Apache)

• Cyber-crime: definition, hacking, eavesdropping, phishing and fraud emails,

ransomware, preventing cyber crime

• Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, cyber

trolls and bullying.

• Safely accessing web sites: malware, viruses, trojans, adware

• E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets

• Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)

• Technology & Society: Gender and disability issues while teaching and using

computers

Computer Networks

• Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of

networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)

• Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components o f

data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols),

measuring capacity of communication media ( bandwidth, data t r a n s f e r rate),

I P address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)

• Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial

cable, Fiber- optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared

waves)

• Network devices: (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router,

Gateway, WIFI card).

• Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN,

WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)

• Network protocol: HTTP, F T P , PPP , S M T P , T C P /IP, P O P 3, H T T P S ,

T E L N E T , VoIP, wireless/mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS

and WLL

• Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML),

Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser,

web servers, web hosting.

Database Management

• Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need

• Relational d a t a model: relation, a t t r i b u t e , t u p l e , d o m a i n , d e g r e e ,

c a r d i n a l i t y , keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)

• Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and

Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date),

constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show

databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and

remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete,

select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause,

where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like,

update command, delete command, group by, having clause, joins: Cartesian

product on two tables, equi-join, Union and natural join

• Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().

• Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID

()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (),

LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().

• Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (),

DAY (), DAYNAME ().

• Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using

COUNT (*).

• Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.

Emerging Trends

• Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Immersive experience (AR, VR), Robotics, Big data and its characteristics, Internet of Things (IoT), Sensors, S m a r t c i t i e s, C l o u d C o m p u t i n g and Cloud S e r v i c e s (SaaS, I a a S , P a a S ); Grid Computing, Block c ha i n technology.

Artificial Intelligence

• AI Core Concepts: AI domains, ethics, project cycle, data literacy, generative AI, modeling, evaluation, stats, CV, NLP, Automated vs. autonomous systems, Basics of machine learning, Importance of cybersecurity in AI

Use of AI Tools:

• ChatGPT – Text generation, explanations, brainstorming.

• Gemini (Google) – AI search and summarization.

• Claude (Anthropic) – Writing, summarizing, reasoning tasks.

• Microsoft Copilot – Integrated with Word, Excel, PowerPoint for AI assistance.

• Canva AI – Magic Write, AI design suggestions, image generation.

EMRS PGT Computer Science Syllabus 

Computer Systems and Organisation

▪ Basic Computer Organisation: Introduction to computer system, hardware, software,

input device, output device, CPU, memory (primary, cache and secondary), units of

memory (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB)

▪ Types of software: system software (operating systems, system utilities, device drivers),

programming tools and language translators (assembler, compiler & interpreter),

application software

▪ Operating system (OS): functions of operating system, OS user interface

▪ Boolean logic: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, truth table, De Morgan’s laws and

logic

circuits

▪ Number system: Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal number system; conversion

betweennumber systems.

▪ Encoding schemes: ASCII, ISCII and UNICODE (UTF8, UTF32)

Computational Thinking and Programming

▪ Introduction to problem solving: Steps for problem solving (analysing the problem,

developing an algorithm, coding, testing and debugging). representation of algorithms

using flow chart and pseudo code, decomposition

▪ Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: Introduction to Python,

features of Python, executing a simple "hello world" program, execution modes:

interactive mode and script mode, Python character set, Python tokens (keyword,

identifier, literal, operator, punctuator), variables, concept of l-value and r-value, use

of comments

▪ Knowledge of data types: number (integer, floating point, complex), boolean, sequence

(string,list, tuple), none, mapping (dictionary), mutable and immutable data types

▪ Operators: arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment

operator, augmented assignment operators, identity operators (is, is not), membership

operators (in, notin)

▪ Expressions, statement, type conversion & input/output: precedence of operators,

expression,evaluation of expression, python statement, type conversion (explicit &

implicit conversion), accepting data as input from the console and displaying output

▪ Errors: syntax errors, logical errors, runtime errors

▪ Flow of control: introduction, use of indentation, sequential flow, conditional and

iterative flow control

▪ Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else, flowcharts, simple programs: e.g.:

absolute value,sort 3 numbers and divisibility of a number

▪ Iterative statements: for loop, range function, while loop, flowcharts, break and

continue statements, nested loops, suggested programs: generating pattern,

summation of series, finding the factorial of a positive number etc

▪ Strings: introduction, indexing, string operations (concatenation, repetition, membership

& slicing), traversing a string using loops, built-in functions: len(), capitalize(), title(),

lower(), upper(), count(), find(), index(), endswith(), startswith(), isalnum(), isalpha(),

isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), isspace(), lstrip(), rstrip(), strip(), replace(), join(),

partition(), split()

▪ Lists: introduction, indexing, list operations (concatenation, repetition, membership &

slicing),traversing a list using loops, built-in functions: len(), list(), append(), extend(),

insert(), count(),index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum();

nested lists, suggested programs: finding the maximum, minimum, mean of numeric

values stored in a list; linearsearch on list of numbers and counting the frequency of

elements in a list

▪ Tuples: introduction, indexing, tuple operations (concatenation, repetition,

membership & slicing), built-in functions: len(), tuple(), count(), index(), sorted(),

min(), max(), sum(); tuple assignment, nested tuple, suggested programs: finding the

minimum, maximum, mean ofvalues stored in a tuple; linear search on a tuple of

numbers, counting the frequency of elements in a tuple

▪ Dictionary: introduction, accessing items in a dictionary using keys, mutability of

dictionary (adding a new item, modifying an existing item), traversing a dictionary,

built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), del(), clear(),

fromkeys(), copy(), pop(), popitem(), setdefault(), max(), min(), count(), sorted(),

copy(); suggested programs : count thenumber of times a character appears in a given

string using a dictionary, create a dictionary with names of employees, their salary and

access them

▪ Introduction to Python modules: Importing module using 'import ' and using from

statement, Importing math module (pi, e, sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs, sin, cos, tan);

random module (random, randint, randrange), statistics module (mean, median,mode)

Society, Law and Ethics

▪ Digital Footprints

▪ Digital society and Netizen: net etiquettes, communication etiquettes, social media

etiquettes

▪ Data protection: Intellectual Property Right (copyright, patent, trademark), violation of

IPR (plagiarism, copyright infringement, trademark infringement), open source

softwares and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL and Apache)

▪ Cyber-crime: definition, hacking, eavesdropping, phishing and fraud emails,

ransomware, preventing cyber crime

▪ Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, cyber trolls

and bullying.

▪ Safely accessing web sites: malware, viruses, trojans, adware

▪ E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets

▪ Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)

▪ Technology & Society: Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers

Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

▪ Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user

defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default

parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution,

scope of a variable(global scope, local scope)

▪ Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute

paths

▪ Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file,

opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and

writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and

tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file

▪ Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb,

wb+, ab,ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method,

read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file

▪ CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using

csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader( )

Computer Networks

▪ Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking

(ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)

▪ Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data

communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols),

measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP

address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)

▪ Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable,

Fiber- optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)

▪ Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router,

Gateway, WIFI card).

▪ Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN),

networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)

▪ Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP,

wireless/mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL

▪ Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible

Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web

hosting.

Database Management

▪ Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need

▪ Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys

(candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)

▪ Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data

Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not

null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop

database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an

attribute, add and remove primarykey), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators

(mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in,

between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete

command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), groupby, having clause,

joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join

▪ Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing

insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(),

rowcount, creating database connectivity applications.

Introduction to Computer System

▪ Introduction to computers and computing: evolution of computing devices,

components of acomputer system and their interconnections, Input/Output devices.

▪ Computer Memory: Units of memory, types of memory – primary and

secondary, data deletion, its recovery and related security concerns. Software:

purpose and types – system andapplication software, generic and specific purpose

software.

Introduction to Python

▪ Basics of Python programming, Python interpreter - interactive and script mode, the

structureof a program, indentation, identifiers, keywords, constants, variables, types of

operators,precedence of operators, data types, mutable and immutable data types,

statements, expressions, evaluation of expressions, comments, input and output

statements, data type conversion, debugging, control statements: if-else, for loop Lists:

list operations - creating, initializing, traversing and manipulating lists, list methods

and built-in functions.: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), find(),

remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum()

▪ Dictionary: concept of key-value pair, creating, initializing, traversing, updating and

deleting elements, dictionary methods and built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(),

values(), items(), get(),update(), clear(), del()

Database concepts and the Structured Query Language

▪ Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need, Database

Management System. Relational data model: concept of attribute, domain, tuple,

relation, candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key.

▪ Advantages of using Structured Query Language, Data Definition Language, Data Query

Language and Data Manipulation Language, Introduction to MySQL, creating a

database using MySQL, Data Types

▪ Definition Commands: CREATE TABLE

▪ Data Query Commands: SELECT-FROM- WHERE

▪ Data Manipulation Commands: INSERT

Emerging Trends

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Immersive

experience (AR, VR), Robotics, Big data and its characteristics, Internet of Things (IoT),

Sensors, Smart cities, Cloud Computing and Cloud Services (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS); Grid

Computing, Block chain technology.

Data Handling using Pandas

▪ Introduction to Python libraries- Pandas, Matplotlib.

▪ Data structures in Pandas - Series and Data Frames.

▪ Series: Creation of Series from – ndarray, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical

operations; Head and Tail functions; Selection, Indexing and Slicing.

▪ Data Frames: creation - from dictionary of Series, list of dictionaries, Text/CSV files;

display; iteration; Operations on rows and columns: add, select, delete, rename; Head

and Tail functions; Indexing using Labels, Boolean Indexing;

▪ Importing/Exporting Data between CSV files and Data Frames.

▪ Data Visualization Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving following types of plots

using Matplotlib – line plot, bar graph, histogram Customizing plots: adding label, title, and legendin plots

Database Query using SQL

▪ Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().

▪ Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING()/SUBSTR (),LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM().

▪ Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY

(),DAYNAME ().

▪ Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*).

▪ Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, Order by.

Introduction to Computer Networks

▪ Introduction to networks, Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN.

▪ Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway

▪ Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.

▪ Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.

▪ Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic

webpage, web server and hosting of a website.

▪ Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons

and plug-ins, cookies.

Societal Impacts

▪ Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual

property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open-source

software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying,

overview of Indian IT Act.

▪ E-waste: hazards and management.

▪ Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology